The Thai – French academic cooperation 6th Phase, 2005-2008 (2550-2553 BC).

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            The Thai – French academic cooperation in 6^th phase were the projects to improve the efficiency of rubber tree production (Towards the Improvement of the Rubber Tree Productivity) 4^rd stage, which was implemented in 2007-2010. The continued projects showed as following:

eco-physiology of rubber: Identification of eco-physiological factors that limit the yield rubber tree production.

A Study of carbon status.

A Study of the status of water in rubber stem.

A Study of the nutrient status in rubber stem.

A study of latex cells metabolism.

A study of rubber cells.

A study of the GMO (Genetic transformation) of the rubber to use genetic engineering to develop the metabolic effects of latex.

The optimization of genetic modification of the rubber plants.

The optimization of the expression analysis of inherited genes.

The functional analysis of latex-specific promoter, and ethylene-inducible promoter.

Genetic map (Genome mapping), and marker assisted selection of rubber trees.

The creation of a population to study the genetic map.

PCR marker development and genetic map.

Assessment of characteristic of agricultural physiology and analysis of QTL.

Improvement the quality of rubber.

Using biochemical approaches to predict the behavior of producers.

The techniques used to improve the collection process were used to predict the behavior of biochemical approaches.

During the past of year 2008, there has been signing a memorandum of understanding (MOU) on technical cooperation and education between Thailand and the French Republic.

The signing of a memorandum of understanding (MOU) for cooperation in higher education degree (Joint Master Program) on "Infectious, Vector-Borne and Food - borne Diseases: Evolution, Emergence, Spread and Control: MIVA", June 26, 2008, at Kampon Adulyavit meeting room, 2nd Floor of the 50 years general information building, Kasetsart University (Figure 8). This cooperation was initiated by four main divisions of both in Thailand and the Republic of France, including Kasetsart University, University of Montpellier II, CIRAD and Pasteur Institut in order to create an international program for students and capacity building of the veterinary in Southeast Asia.

The signing of a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the technical and educational aspects of rubber or Hevea Research Programme in Partnership (HRPP) Cooperation on June 26, 2008 conducted by the Embassy of the Republic of France in Thailand at Dusit Thani Hotel, Bangkok. This cooperation was set up by researchers of the productivity improvement of rubber project (Towards the Improvement of the Rubber Tree Productivity) under the technical cooperation between Thailand - France supported by the Office of Higher Education Commission (Commission on Higher Education, CHE) and the Republic of France, through the Embassy of the Republic of France to Thailand, the core members (core members) to participate in the HRPP consists of 4 units from both sides were Kasetsart University, Thailand and France, Prince of Songkla University, Department of Agriculture and CIRAD.

From the meeting of the Steering Committee of the Hevea Research Platform in Partnership: HRPP on October 7, 2008 at Kasetsart University, There has been electing president of the HRPP that the philosopher Dr. Prof. Sornprat Tanaisawanyangkoon, Vice President for International Affairs and director of the Center of Thai-French Cooperation on Higher Education and Research (DORAS Center) was elected. Moreover, there was the discussion on the the 1^st HRPP Annual Seminar would be held on January 27-29, 2009 at Miracle Grand Convention Hotel , Bangkok.

Center of Thai-French Cooperation on Higher Education and Research (DORAS Center) still coordinate with the academic cooperation between Kasetsart University to individuals and agencies of France and seek for cooperation and budget support from external agencies or individuals to support the operation of the center operated since to 20 years (to 2009).

Picture 6: Study of the quality of latex.

Picture 7: and the balance of carbon dioxide gas and water, the rubber plantation at Chachoengsao Rubber Research Center.

Picture 8: The signing of a memorandum of understanding (MOU) on cooperation in higher education (Master Program) in the "Infectious, Vector-Borne and Food - borne Diseases: Evolution, Emergence, Spread and Control: MIVA" at. June 26, 2551.

The Thai – French academic cooperation 5th Phase, 2001-2004 (2546-2549 BC).

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            The Thai – French academic cooperation in 5^th phase were the projects to improve the efficiency of rubber tree production (Towards the Improvement of the Rubber Tree Productivity) 3^rd Stage, which was implemented in 2004-2007. The continued projects showed as following:

Agro-physiology (Rubber tree yield potential and tapping productivity).

Ecophysiology (Carbon and water balance at tree and cover scales)

Rubber quality (Non rubber components and rubber processing)

Genome mapping (no expert).

Cooperated organization.

Thailand.

Kasetsart University

Department of Agriculture.

Prince of Songkla University.

France.

CIRAD (Centre de Coop?ration Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le D?veloppement)

IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le D?veloppement)

INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique)

University Montpellier II

University Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand

For the implementation of the 3^rd Phase (2004-2007) was still looking for three French expert, including.

Rubber tree agronomy and physiology Professional.

Rubber tree eco-physiology and carbon sequestration Professional.

Rubber latex biochemistry Professional.

In addition, It also call for 2 experts support in field of:

Bioclimatology applied to eco-physiology at cover scale Professional.

Rubber processing and specification Professional.

These five experts, are proposed to carry out research in the 3^rd and 4^th phase (2007-2010), including this research.

Agro-physiology (Rubber tree yield potential and tapping productivity)

Ecophysiology (Carbon and water balance at tree and cover scales)

Rubber quality (Non rubber components and rubber processing)

Genome mapping (ไม่มีผู้เชี่ยวชาญประจำ)

Four French experts working in Thailand came from CIRAD and one came from IRD. Another Research Institute and academic of the Republic of France had a part in support of the MS or Ph.D. programs and short term training session.

Development Oriented Research on Agricultural Systems (DORAS) Center has been established as a department within Kasetsart University and under the office of the President in November 3, 2003 and renamed the center to be "Center of Thai-French Cooperation on Higher Education and Research, DORAS Center" in order to coordinate the implementation of academic cooperation between Kasetsart University and the agencies of the Republic of France and to create a smooth operation with the goals of the university and support national development strategies.

Center of Thai-French Cooperation on Higher Education and Research is stablished as a department within Kasetsart University and has duty as follows.

To coordinate with the cooperation between Kasetsart University and agencies of the state of Tarn, France Republic.

To search for cooperation and budget support from external agencies or individuals, in order to support the operation of the center.

Other actions authorized by Kasetsart University.

The office of the Center for Technical Cooperation - Thailand France (DORAS Center) located at the 3rd floor of the research and development building, Kasetsart University, Bangkhen.

Figure 5: Maps of the centers for the intervention of the Thai - French (DORAS Center).

The Thai – French academic cooperation 4th Phase, 1999-2001 (2542-2546 BC).

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            The Thai – French academic cooperation projects in the 4^th Phase were the projects continually implemented in years 2000-2002. The projects requested for implementation Include as the following.

The sustainability of cotton production in Southeast Asia.

The dynamics of agricultural and water management (Delta Project).

To apply the research results in graduate education.

            Moreover, There has been the newly projects proposed to be supported as follow:

The research for Agricultural development system in the suburbs (Peri-urban agriculture project).

Deep farming project

The "DORAS-Rubber" project, titled "Towards the Improvement of the Rubber Tree Productivity" operation since July 2540 (1998), divided into two phases, each three years.

The 1^st phase (1998-2000) contains the following sub projects.

Eco-physiology

Genome mapping

Gene expression และ genetic transformation

            By working with, the three French expert in Thailand.

The 2^nd phase (2001-2004) project is developed in three parts.

Eco-physiology was developed by the two French experts who work in Thailand.

Genome mapping.

The "Towards the Improvement of the Rubber Tree Productivity" project would support as follow.

Four Ph.D. students and three graduate students.

Have been trained in France and 21 times.

The research for agricultural system development has continuously implemented and expanded to the cooperation for the agricultural development and environment in Southeast Asia, especially, the countries in Indochina, including Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. The research project for agricultural system development was formally established to "Agricultural Research for Development" (Development Oriented Research on Agricultural Systems (DORAS) Center) established in 2001 by Kasetsart University Under the support of Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation and the French government.

Research center for agricultural system development has the main tasks of management and support the implementation of the research project to be accomplished to the objectives by dividing the necessary workload.

Responsible for managing the budget, reimbursement of expenses such as travel costs on duty as a civil servant, another supplies and coordination with other institutions.

To coordinate with the Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation in tasks of the privilege of experts and family, customs duty exemption and an extended stay in the Kingdom.

Oversee the contribution for the budget of experts by coordination with the Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation, monitoring and coordinating for expense reimbursement as has been allocated, rapid disbursement, and to approve additional appropriation, the employment of secretary and driver for the automobile experts.

Picture 4: Research projects under the Research Center for Agricultural Development (Development Oriented Research on Agricultural Systems (DORAS) Center) (Source: http://std.cpc.ku.ac.th / delta/doras/doras-. centre.html).

The Thai – French academic cooperation 3rd Phase, 1997-1999 (2540-2542 BC).

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            The academic cooperation of the Thai – French has been approved by the executive board to expand the operation period of agricultural research for development (DORAS) in the third phase, with the time between January 1, 1998 - December 31, 2000. Kasetsart University, The executives board of Thailand (Representatives from the Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation Management and Kasetsart University) and France (Science Department of the Embassy of France Embassy, Representatives from the organization CIRAD and ORSTOM) was in attendance to assess the implementation of the DORAS project during the years 1994-1996 at Kasetsart University DORAS and had suggestions as follow:

Accomplishment of the cotton and water management guided that the next activities should be conducted in the name of "Research for Agricultural Development Center (DORAS)". The center will act in coordination with the government of French, Thailand and other countries in Southeast Asia in the field of agriculture and agricultural ecosystem management, in order to reciprocate the objectives of the center should be performed with these three projects.

The sustainability of cotton production in Southeast Asia.

Dynamics of agricultural and water management in the Central Plain of Thailand.

To apply the results of research in graduate education.

The cotton project operated jointly by the institute CIRAD focused on researching and training in various fields as follows.

Plant biotechnology.

Textile technology.

Breeding.

Management system for cotton planting.

Economic - social of the cotton production.

All of the activities were taking into the wide range of agricultural ecosystem management in the highlands and the development of a centralized network of collaborative research and development in cotton in South East Asia.

The dynamics of agricultural and water management working with ORSTOM had continually researched in depth to coverage areas in the central plains. The results were analyzed, synthesized and investigated to decide the guideline to solve the problems of agriculture in the region and accomplished it with in 1999. Moreover, the activities were emphasized on development and comparative study between different basins in Southeast Asia.

To utilize the research results of the Research Center for Agricultural Development (DORAS) in learning of graduate school. There has been the working group to study the feasibility of this issue. This working group comprised of representatives from the Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation, Kasetsart University, Embassies of France, CIRAD and ORSTOM in order to perform this task.

Considering to the existing graduate programs, the consistency to working scope of DORAS center and the other requirements.

The new training courses.

Present the outline of the project.

To provide the smooth management and activities of the Research Center for Agricultural Development (DORAS) these support were necessary.

CIRAD and ORSTOM has organized experts from the fields of professional expertise and adhere to the details of the projects proposed in Article 5 for such missions must be involved in the development activity in South East Asia.

The Staff of Kasetsart University, Ph.D. graduated from France, should be the mainspring.

Should provide short-term experts from France, and provide training and the short-term study, researchers from Kasetsart University.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France would support the annual operation of DORAS center and another activities in Southeast Asia.

New Ph.D. scholarships in major field related to the research field of DORAS center provided by Kasetsart University

Kasetsart University will support the cost of fieldwork (Cost of fuel, Agricultural materials), cost of living in all of the staff of Kasetsart University, Vehicles and other facilities at the Research Center for Development , the related Agricultural Experiment Station and Department of Economic Cooperation would be considered support according to Article 5.

Kasetsart University, CIRAD and ORSTOM authors should attempt to raise additional research fund.

The Thai – French academic cooperation 2nd Phase, 1994-1996 (2537-2539 BC).

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          After the appraisal meeting of DORAS project between August 24-25, 1993 and concluded that an agreement that The Thai – French academic cooperation still have to continued perform. This collaboration was between January 1, 1994 – December 31, 1996. The continued projects divided to 2 major projects as following:

Developing the ability and sustainability of agricultural production that the cotton plant is the main domestic in Thailand and Indochina by the collaboration with CIRAD-CA . The research was divided to three sub-projects.

Economic development of cotton (for high-yielding varieties and cultivars tested gossypol free glandless).

Development of integrated pest management. (Breeding, biotechnology, crop management systems).

Research on the physiology and the effective planting pattern of cotton. The research will be developed and extended to the creation of research network and training of cotton in this region (Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and Myanmar).

Management system of planting and water management in the irrigation area in Thailand by the collaboration with ORSTOM-MAA. The research had led the concept of the farming systems, developed by DORAS to apply in the central irrigation area. The project will be highlighted as follows.

Water management.

Current efficiency and advantages of planting system.

The initiation of a new plant. (Economic and Social Research).

To ensure the implementation of such programs were effective. There was the agreement to support the project during the three years.

Provide expertise in the field of four French agro-physiology, system agronomy, plant breeding and irrigation system throughout the project.

Provide expert assistance entomology, biotechnology and agronomy for operating in field of agro-physio -logy and breeding.

Scholarships for observation and postgraduate studies for Thailand operators.

Funding for the research. And regional training.

Agencies that provided funding for research were The French government, Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation And Kasetsart University.

 ภาพที่ 3:  การศึกษาในโครงการการพัฒนาความสามารถและความยั่งยืนของระบบการเพาะปลูกอันมีฝ้ายเป็นพื้นฐานในประเทศไทยและอินโดจีน

The Thai – French academic cooperation 1st Phase, 1991-1993 (2534-2536 BC).

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            The phase 1 of academic cooperation was emphasis on agriculture and the period of operation between January 1, 1991 (2534 BC.) - December 31, 1993 (2536 BC.), the collaboration project including :

Development of competitive and sustainability in plant production that the cotton plant is the main domestic In Thailand and Indochina by the cooperation with CIRAD-CA, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) and CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) and the following plan.

Synthesis and verification result of the project during the year 1991-1993.

Cotton breeding and genetic engineering.

Use of gossypol free glandless.

Physiology for the prediction of cotton production.

The Network of Cotton Research and Training in Indochina.

Picture 1: A study of photosynthesis of cotton canopy at National Corn and Sorghum Research Center, Nakhon Ratchasima province. 

Dynamics of agricultural and irrigation management in the central plains collaborated with The AIT, The Royal Irrigation Department (RID) and Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. The project plan is as follows.

Process of alienation.

Conservation of the environment.

The land consolidation process.

Significant social change.

HISTORY

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     The French Government has supported France - K.U. Research and Development Collaboration in Agriculture since 1989. At the beginning, the mentioned collaboration was emphasized on agricultural system study and higher training course management, so as to gain knowledge of alterability and diversity of agricultural systems in western part of the country and Maeklong River basin areas.

       In 1990, an academical agreement was signed by Kasetsart University and French delegates; Institute National Agrinomique Paris-Grignon, INA-PG, CIRAD and IRD (as known as ORSTOM at the moment) to operate joint mission under the "Development Oriented Research on Agrarian System Project (DORAS) " Project.

        At present, the project has proceeded gradually and expanded its mission to regional level. The DORAS Center was officially established in 2001 under supervision and promotion of the Department of Technical and Economic Cooperation (DTEC), Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the French Government , to operate mission of the South East Asia Agricultural and Environment Development Collaboration.

     Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique (CIRAD), and Kasetsart University has academic cooperation since 1991 (2543 BC.) in the development of cotton production project, while the Kasetsart University has signed cooperation with ORSTOM since 1994 (2537 BC.).

The Thai – French academic cooperation 1^st Phase, 1991-1993 (2534-2536 BC).

The Thai – French academic cooperation 2^nd Phase, 1994-1996 (2537-2539 BC).

The Thai – French academic cooperation 3^rd Phase, 1997-1999 (2540-2542 BC).

The Thai – French academic cooperation 4^th Phase, 1999-2001 (2542-2546 BC).

The Thai – French academic cooperation 5^th Phase, 2001-2004 (2546-2549 BC).

The Thai – French academic cooperation 6^th Phase, 2005-2008 (2550-2553 BC).